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As with high school students, e-cigarette use was much more common than cigarette use. E-cigarettes come in many shapes and sizes and can also be called e-cigs, e-hookahs, vapes, vape pens, personal diffusers or diffuser sticks. But one vape can contain the equivalent of 50 cigarettes of nicotine in the one product. They also contain a complex combination of chemicals including nicotine, nickel, tin, arsenic, chlorine and lead. These substances can be harmful to the body, with different flavourings helping to mask these poisons when they are taken into the body. An electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) is a battery-operated device that heats liquid nicotine, flavoring, and other additives to create an aerosol.

The association between student- and school-level factors and susceptibility to smoking. Nationally, e-cigarette use among high school students doubled from 11.7% in 2017 to 27.5% in 2019. The researchers studied human endothelial cells generated in the laboratory from what are called induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells. IPS cells can become many different cell types, and they provide an ideal way for researchers to closely study cells that would be difficult to isolate directly from a patient. A.C.—managed the analytical testing programme and co-authored the manuscript.

This was a large increase from 2019, when only 11.3% of people had ever used e‑cigarettes, and 2.5% were currently using them (Figure&nbsp